{
 "meta": {
  "as_of_date": "2026-08-01",
  "retrieved_via": "mcp__pillar__query_state_ai_policy",
  "total_matching_rows": 62,
  "binding_count": 15,
  "guidance_count": 47
 },
 "policies": [
  {
   "state": "AK",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Alaska's Strategic Framework: Artificial Intelligence for K-12",
   "citation": "Alaska DEED K-12 AI Framework (Oct 2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-10",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Statewide framework built on seven principles (human-centered design, fair access, transparency, oversight, security, ethical use, cultural responsiveness); recommends districts move beyond bans toward AI-literacy programs for staff and students.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "bias_equity",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://education.alaska.gov/State_Board/october-2025/9.1_Alaska%20K12%20AI%20Framework_final_v2.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary DEED PDF URL identified; content confirmed via search summary rather than a direct fetch."
  },
  {
   "state": "AL",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "ALSDE AI Policy Template for Local Education Agencies",
   "citation": "ALSDE AI Policy Template (June 2024)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-06",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Voluntary template helping Alabama LEAs build local AI policies, structured around eight pillars including Strategy, Governance, Data Privacy/Security, Procurement, Competency Development, Risk Management, and Utility & Effectiveness.",
   "covers": [
    "data_privacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "procurement",
    "teacher_pd",
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Emerged from the ALSDE AI Summit (Nov 2023). PRIMARY URL NOT CAPTURED: existence confirmed only via an aggregator, which does not meet the registry sourcing rule. Locate the ALSDE-hosted template before upgrading confidence."
  },
  {
   "state": "AR",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No Arkansas DESE AI policy confirmed",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "No confirmed Arkansas Division of Elementary & Secondary Education AI guidance and no binding K-12 AI law identified.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "An 'Arkansas Planning Guide for AI' circulates but is a modified companion to Michigan Virtual's framework; could not confirm it as an official DESE publication. Arkansas uses AI to auto-score state writing assessments, but that is a program, not policy."
  },
  {
   "state": "AZ",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No Arizona Department of Education AI policy identified",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "No ADE-authored statewide AI guidance and no binding Arizona K-12 AI law identified as of July 2026.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "AGGREGATOR TRAP: trackers credit Arizona with state guidance, but the widely-cited 'AI Guidance for Arizona Schools' is authored by Northern Arizona University's Arizona Institute for Education and the Economy, NOT the Arizona Department of Education."
  },
  {
   "state": "CA",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Pupil instruction: media literacy: artificial intelligence literacy: curriculum frameworks",
   "citation": "AB 2876 (Chapter 927, Statutes of 2024)",
   "status": "enacted",
   "issued_date": "2024-09-29",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Directs the Instructional Quality Commission to incorporate AI literacy into math, science, and history-social science curriculum frameworks and instructional materials at their next revision. Defines 'AI literacy' in statute.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2876",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "leginfo status page fetched: chaptered 2024-09-29 as Ch. 927."
  },
  {
   "state": "CA",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Safe and Effective Use of Artificial Intelligence in California Public Schools",
   "citation": "CDE AI Guidance (2025) + Model Policy (June 2026)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "CDE guidance covering data privacy (FERPA/COPPA/CCPA/Ed Code 49073.1), academic integrity with sample rubrics and AI-use levels, and equity/accessibility. Companion Model Policy posted June 2026 via the AI in Education Working Group convened under SB 1288.",
   "covers": [
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "acceptable_use",
    "bias_equity",
    "ai_literacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/aiincalifornia.asp",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "CDE AI page fetched. SB 1288 (2024) is the enabling law for the working group and model policy."
  },
  {
   "state": "CO",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No CDE-authored K-12 AI guidance",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "The Colorado Department of Education's AI page only links third-party resources and explicitly does not endorse them. No education-specific binding AI law.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": "https://ed.cde.state.co.us/artificialintelligence",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "AGGREGATOR TRAP: the widely-cited 'Colorado Roadmap for AI in K-12 Education' is published by the Colorado Education Initiative, a nonprofit, not CDE. CDE page fetched and confirmed it curates rather than authors. SB24-205 (Colorado AI Act) is broad consumer-AI law, not K-12-specific."
  },
  {
   "state": "CT",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "AI education tool pilot program; digital citizenship curriculum",
   "citation": "Public Act 24-151",
   "status": "enacted",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Directs the CT State Department of Education to establish an AI education-tool pilot program by the end of the 2024-25 school year, including teacher professional development and a model digital-citizenship curriculum for K-12 students.",
   "covers": [
    "teacher_pd",
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/das/ctedtech/commission-for-educational-technology/initiatives/artificial-intelligence",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "PA 24-151 confirmed via the CT Commission for Educational Technology page (fetched); the CGA bill text itself was not fetched, so verify exact provisions at cga.ct.gov."
  },
  {
   "state": "CT",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Guidance on Artificial Intelligence (AI)",
   "citation": "CT Commission for Educational Technology AI Guidance (2024)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Early-mover state framework (Feb 2024) covering AI types and applications, best practices for platform selection and privacy assessment, teacher training, community engagement, incident reporting, and risks including bias, inaccuracy, IP and equity.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity",
    "procurement"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/das/ctedtech/commission-for-educational-technology/initiatives/artificial-intelligence",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Issued by the Commission for Educational Technology, the state's designated ed-tech body. Page fetched."
  },
  {
   "state": "DC",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No OSSE AI policy identified",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "No OSSE AI guidance document and no DC Council act on AI in K-12 schools identified.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "DEFERRED RATHER THAN RECORDED: a DC State Board of Education resolution SR24-12 is referenced in search results, but neither the resolution nor an SBOE listing confirming adoption could be fetched. Worth one more pass against the SBOE Resolutions Tracker. DCPS has its own district-level AI practices."
  },
  {
   "state": "DE",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Generative AI in Delaware Education",
   "citation": "Delaware DOE Council on Educational Technology Gen AI Guidance",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Guidance from the Delaware DOE's Council on Educational Technology centering four policy areas: protecting student data, ethical generative-AI use, promoting equity, and enhancing learning, plus allowable-use statements.",
   "covers": [
    "data_privacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "bias_equity",
    "academic_integrity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://education.delaware.gov/educators/academic-support/standards-and-instruction/digital-de/instructional-resources/ai-in-delaware-education/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary DDOE Digital DE pages identified; content from search summary rather than a direct document fetch."
  },
  {
   "state": "FL",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No adopted FLDOE AI policy; rule proposed only",
   "citation": "none identified (FLDOE rule proposed Aug 2026)",
   "status": "proposed",
   "issued_date": "2026",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "FLDOE was moving to require districts to incorporate AI rules into internet-safety guidelines (rule workshop Aug 5 2026) and added an AI Foundations CTE program of study. No adopted rule, final guidance, or binding K-12 AI statute confirmed.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Recorded as none-identified because the rule was PROPOSED, not adopted, as of July 2026, and no primary FLDOE rule text was fetched. The fl-aitaskforce.org framework's official FLDOE status is unconfirmed."
  },
  {
   "state": "GA",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Leveraging AI in the K-12 Setting",
   "citation": "GaDOE Leveraging AI in the K-12 Setting (Jan 21, 2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-01-21",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Voluntary GaDOE guidance with best practices for ethical, effective and secure AI use, aimed at district and school leaders and technology staff. Georgia also appointed an AI ethics and impact officer.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://gadoe.org/learning/artificial-intelligence/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "GaDOE document fetched. A companion 'Ethical Considerations in the Appropriate Use of AI for Educators' was issued 2025-06-16 (not directly fetched)."
  },
  {
   "state": "HI",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Responsible Use Policy for AI Tools & Systems; AI Readiness Toolkit",
   "citation": "Hawaii State DOE AI guidance / AI Readiness Toolkit",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "HIDOE guidance covering accountability, fairness and equity, human oversight, assessment and effectiveness, professional development, and data protection; includes a Responsible Use Policy, academic-integrity guidance, and an administrator AI Readiness Toolkit.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "academic_integrity",
    "data_privacy",
    "bias_equity",
    "teacher_pd",
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://hawaiipublicschools.org/student-programs/artificial-intelligence/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary HIDOE page identified; content from search summary. SEPARATE PENDING ITEM (deliberately not recorded as policy): HB 1887 (2026) would mandate a statewide AI-literacy curriculum and graduation requirement from SY2027-28 with $5M appropriated, but enactment was NOT confirmed."
  },
  {
   "state": "IA",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No Iowa Department of Education AI policy identified",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "No state-level Iowa DE AI guidance document and no binding K-12 AI law identified as of July 2026; activity is at the district level.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Negative finding. Iowa made a $3M investment in an AI reading-tutor tool, but that is a program, not policy. Recommend a direct check of educate.iowa.gov."
  },
  {
   "state": "ID",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Generative AI in Education Framework Act",
   "citation": "S 1227 (2026), Session Law Chapter 71",
   "status": "effective",
   "issued_date": "2026-07-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Directs the Idaho Department of Education to develop a statewide generative-AI framework covering privacy, procurement safeguards, transparency, academic integrity, AI-literacy standards and PD; requires districts and charters to adopt aligned policies; sets procurement requirements and requires AI vendors to disclose their use of AI and provide data-protection assurances; prohibits AI from replacing teachers.",
   "covers": [
    "data_privacy",
    "procurement",
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "academic_integrity",
    "ai_literacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "acceptable_use"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/sessioninfo/2026/legislation/S1227.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Enactment CONFIRMED (signed by Gov. Little, Chapter 71, effective 2026-07-01). The primary PDF would not text-parse cleanly, so exact statutory wording remains unverified. Vendor-disclosure and procurement clauses are the vendor-relevant hook."
  },
  {
   "state": "IL",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "School Code cyberbullying expansion to include AI-generated digital replicas",
   "citation": "HB 3851 (eff. July 1, 2026)",
   "status": "effective",
   "issued_date": "2026-07-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Expands the Illinois School Code definition of cyberbullying to include electronic posting or distribution of unauthorized AI-generated digital replicas, requiring districts to update policies for SY2026-27. The same law requires ISBE to develop statewide AI guidance by July 1, 2026.",
   "covers": [
    "deepfakes",
    "acceptable_use"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3851&GAID=&LegID=&SpecSess=&Session=&GA=104",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Bill number and effective date confirmed via Illinois news coverage citing the School Code change; the ILGA bill/Public Act text was not fetched directly. Verify the Public Act number. ISBE statewide guidance was still in development."
  },
  {
   "state": "IN",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Indiana Department of Education AI Guidance",
   "citation": "IDOE AI Guidance (2024, updated)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "IDOE guidance introducing AI in K-12 across AI literacy, instruction and learning, impact, security and data privacy, and resources; positioned as a foundation for further professional development.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/doe/educators/digital-learning/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Existence corroborated by a separate IDOE-published document that states IDOE has issued AI guidance for schools; the general guidance PDF itself was not fetched, so exact title and date are unconfirmed."
  },
  {
   "state": "KS",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No KSDE-adopted AI guidance",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "KSDE has hosted AI webinars, and in 2026 the State Board was considering a framework for responsible AI integration, but no KSDE-adopted guidance or binding law exists.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": "https://www.ksde.gov/Home/Quick-Links/News-Room/Weekly-News/Reporting-and-Operations/ArtMID/6189/ArticleID/4883/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "AGGREGATOR TRAP: the 'Framework for Responsible AI Integration in PreK-20 Education' is a University of Kansas (CIDDL) product under a US DoE cooperative agreement, not a KSDE publication, and was only 'to be considered' by the State Board."
  },
  {
   "state": "KY",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "KDE AI Guidance Brief / AI in Action Across Kentucky",
   "citation": "KDE AI Guidance Brief (2024); KETS Master Plan 2024-2030",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Early-mover KDE guidance encouraging human-centered, ethical, informed AI use, plus the AI in Action snapshot and the KETS Master Plan's humans-in-the-loop stance.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "ai_literacy",
    "data_privacy",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.education.ky.gov/districts/tech/Pages/A.I.-in-Kentucky-Education.aspx",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "KDE page fetched. CAUTION: the document titled 'Guidance for the Use of AI in the K-12 Classroom' hosted on that page is SREB's regional guidance, not KDE-authored; KDE's own items are the Guidance Brief and AIKentucky.pdf."
  },
  {
   "state": "LA",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Louisiana Schools: Guidance for K-12 Schools",
   "citation": "LDOE AI Guidance (Aug 28, 2024)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-08-28",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Advisory guidance from the LDOE AI Task Force covering integration steps, safeguards, technical considerations, relevant laws and training. Guiding principles are data privacy and security, ethics, student-centered learning, and transparency.",
   "covers": [
    "data_privacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "academic_integrity",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://doe.louisiana.gov/about/news-releases/release/2024/08/28/louisiana-releases-guidance-for-responsible-use-of-artificial-intelligence-in-k-12-classrooms",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "LDOE press release fetched; described as a living document. No statute requiring AI policy found: the commonly cited 'Act 461' premise did not verify, and AI-instruction bill HB1149 was proposed, not confirmed enacted."
  },
  {
   "state": "MA",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Massachusetts Guidance for Artificial Intelligence in K-12 Education",
   "citation": "DESE MA AI Guidance (Sept 2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-09",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "DESE guidance explicitly not requiring AI use, since decisions remain local; helps districts build responsible, equitable AI implementation with emphasis on equity, transparency, academic integrity, human oversight and student-data privacy. Final phase (SY2026-27) embeds AI across educator prep and state curricula.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "bias_equity",
    "academic_integrity",
    "data_privacy",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.doe.mass.edu/edtech/ai/ai-guidance.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary DESE PDF URL identified; content from search summary."
  },
  {
   "state": "MD",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Artificial Intelligence Ready Schools Act",
   "citation": "SB 720 (2026), Chapter 634",
   "status": "effective",
   "issued_date": "2026-06-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Requires MSDE to provide AI guidance to local school systems via an online platform and to develop guidelines, best practices and EVALUATIVE TOOLS to assist local school systems in the evaluation of artificial intelligence tools selected for use; establishes the Maryland AI Education Collaborative; districts get 120 days from guidance issuance to adopt aligned policies.",
   "covers": [
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "procurement",
    "data_privacy",
    "bias_equity",
    "teacher_pd",
    "acceptable_use",
    "ai_literacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/sb0720?ys=2026RS",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "INDEPENDENTLY RE-VERIFIED: approved by the Governor 2026-05-26 as Chapter 634, effective 2026-06-01; passed 41-0 Senate and 129-8 House. Statutory language is 'evaluative tools' (not 'assessment tools'). Highest vendor relevance in the registry: a statutory mandate for state-built tools to evaluate AI products."
  },
  {
   "state": "MD",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "MSDE Artificial Intelligence Guidance",
   "citation": "MSDE AI Guidance (2026)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2026",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Statewide AI framework grounded in human judgment, equity, privacy, academic integrity and continuous improvement, issued to satisfy SB 720. Non-negotiables include monitoring for privacy and bias and ensuring tools meet educational standards; triggers the 120-day district policy deadline.",
   "covers": [
    "data_privacy",
    "bias_equity",
    "academic_integrity",
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://marylandpublicschools.org/stateboard/documents/2026/0224/artificial-intelligence-guidance-a.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary MSDE PDF URL identified; content from board materials rather than a direct fetch."
  },
  {
   "state": "ME",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Maine DOE Interactive AI Guidance Toolkit",
   "citation": "Maine DOE AI Guidance Toolkit (Feb 20, 2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-02-20",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Interactive toolkit from the Office of Teaching and Learning pairing guidance with practical tools and PreK-12 scenarios; emphasizes AI supporting rather than replacing human connection, evaluating AI output, transparency, equity and privacy.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "bias_equity",
    "data_privacy",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://mainedoenews.net/2025/02/20/maine-department-of-education-releases-interactive-ai-guidance-toolkit-for-schools-and-educators/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary Maine DOE newsroom release identified; content from search summary."
  },
  {
   "state": "MI",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "MDE Comprehensive AI Guide for Districts",
   "citation": "MDE / Michigan Virtual AI Guidance (June 2026)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2026-06",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "MDE statewide AI guidance including a 52-week phased implementation timeline tied to the Michigan Integrated Continuous Improvement Process; defines core AI-literacy concepts, sets transparency and data-privacy standards under FERPA/COPPA, and gives interim guidance on what data may be entered into generative-AI products.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "data_privacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mde/news-and-information/press-releases/2026/06/25/mde-partners-with-mv-on-statewide-ai-guidance-for-k-12-schools",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary michigan.gov press release identified; content from search summary."
  },
  {
   "state": "MN",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Education (MDE resources and guiding principles)",
   "citation": "Minnesota DE AI in Education",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "MDE cross-divisional resource set with people-centered guiding principles drawn from US DoE OET and NCEE frameworks; covers opportunities and challenges, considerations for districts creating AI policy, and CTE-specific AI guidance.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://education.mn.gov/MDE/dse/tech/AI/AIEd/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary MDE pages identified; content from search summary. A resource collection rather than a single guidance document. No binding K-12 AI law identified."
  },
  {
   "state": "MO",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Artificial Intelligence Guidance for Local Education Agencies",
   "citation": "Missouri DESE AI Guidance for LEAs, v1.0 (July 2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-07",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Missouri's first statewide AI guidance, framed as guidelines rather than mandated policy since districts set their own. Reviews risks (plagiarism, inaccuracy, over-reliance, copyright) and benefits, and recommends human oversight plus teacher training.",
   "covers": [
    "academic_integrity",
    "acceptable_use",
    "bias_equity",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://dese.mo.gov/media/pdf/artificial-intelligence-guidance-local-education-agencies",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary DESE PDF URL identified; content and first-issuance date from search summary."
  },
  {
   "state": "MS",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Artificial Intelligence: Guidance for K-12 Classrooms",
   "citation": "Mississippi MDE AI Guidance (2024)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "MDE Office of Technology guidance giving procedural guidance and instructional strategies for appropriate AI use; defines AI, explores classroom impact for students, teachers and administrators, and outlines factors for developing local AI policy.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "academic_integrity",
    "data_privacy",
    "ai_literacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.mdek12.org/sites/default/files/Offices/MDE/OTSS/DL/ai_guidance_final.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary mdek12.org PDF URL confirmed but returned HTTP 403 on fetch, so the document body was not read. A separate statewide AI framework (MAIN initiative) was announced by the Governor around May 2026."
  },
  {
   "state": "MT",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Montana Artificial Intelligence in K12 Education Guidelines",
   "citation": "Montana OPI AI in K-12 Education Guidelines, Version 1.0 (October 2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-10",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "OPI guidance developed with the Montana Digital Academy Frontier Learning Lab, giving district leaders a foundation for local AI policy, core principles, benefits and risks, and curriculum integration. Biannual review cycle.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://opi.mt.gov/Portals/182/Page%20Files/Homepage/Docs/Montana%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20K12%20Education%20Guidelines.pdf?ver=2025-10-14-134920-167",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Full PDF text extracted and read. Explicitly a foundation for local policy, not a mandate."
  },
  {
   "state": "MT",
   "policy_type": "board_policy",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Montana Board of Public Education Resolution on AI in Education",
   "citation": "MT Board of Public Education Resolution, AI in Education (Jan 2026)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2026-01-17",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Board resolution establishing an Artificial Intelligence and Technology Special Committee, acknowledging the OPI K-12 AI Guidelines, and encouraging districts to use them to inform local policy and professional learning.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://prod-bpe.mt.gov/Home/011726-AI-in-Education-Resolution.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Full text read. Hortatory language ('encourages'); creates no obligation. Date inferred from the document filename."
  },
  {
   "state": "NC",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "North Carolina Generative AI Implementation Recommendations and Considerations for PK-13 Public Schools",
   "citation": "NCDPI Generative AI Guidebook (2024)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-01-16",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "NCDPI guidebook organized around leadership and vision, human capacity, curriculum and instruction, data privacy and security, and technology infrastructure; introduces the EVERY framework and calls for AI literacy across all grades.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.dpi.nc.gov/news/press-releases/2024/01/16/ncdpi-releases-guidance-use-artificial-intelligence-schools",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency press release fetched. Explicitly recommendations and a living document; districts are encouraged, not required. No NC statute enacted; S640 and related 2025 bills did not pass."
  },
  {
   "state": "ND",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "North Dakota K-12 AI Guidance Framework",
   "citation": "NDDPI North Dakota K-12 AI Guidance Framework (2024)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-07",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "NDDPI framework providing definitions, a four-phase implementation roadmap, stakeholder checklists, grade-band guidance, and accessibility and special-education applications.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.nd.gov/dpi/policyguidelines/north-dakota-k-12-ai-guidance-framework",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency page fetched; NDDPI describes the framework as advisory. The page carries no release date, so the month is recorded rather than the day."
  },
  {
   "state": "NE",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No Nebraska Department of Education AI policy identified",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "No formal NDE AI guidance document and no enacted Nebraska statute on AI in K-12 schools identified.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": "https://www.education.ne.gov/safety/digital-guidance-support/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Negative finding. NDE maintains a Digital Guidance & Support page and an Intro to AI course, but neither is a published AI guidance document."
  },
  {
   "state": "NH",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No New Hampshire Department of Education AI policy identified",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "No NHED AI guidance document and no enacted NH statute on AI in K-12 schools identified.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "AGGREGATOR TRAP: the widely reported 77-page 'NH AI guidelines' were produced by a coalition of associations (NHSAA, NHASP, NHSBA, NHASEA, NH STE), not by the state agency. NHED has a Khanmigo pilot partnership but no published state guidance."
  },
  {
   "state": "NJ",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "NJDOE Artificial Intelligence resources page and technical assistance webinar",
   "citation": "NJDOE Office of Innovation, Artificial Intelligence (AI) webpage",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "NJDOE maintains an official AI page with AI concepts, high-level considerations for LEA leaders and educators, a recorded technical-assistance webinar, and an AI Innovation in Education grant opportunity.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/education/innovation/ai/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "IMPORTANT CAVEAT: this is a curated resource hub, NOT a formal titled guidance publication. Several 2026 NJ bills (A5184 model policy, A1323 AI surveillance standards, A4352/S2862 AI curriculum) remain PENDING, not enacted."
  },
  {
   "state": "NM",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "New Mexico AI Guidance for K-12 Education 1.0",
   "citation": "NMPED AI Guidance for K-12 Education 1.0 (signed 2025-04-29)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-04-29",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "NMPED guidance developed with NC State's Friday Institute, covering AI literacy, classroom implementation examples by grade band, and responsible integration.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "academic_integrity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://web.ped.nm.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/NM-AI-Guidance-Signed-4-29-2025.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Primary PDF URL identified on ped.nm.gov (signature date in filename) but the document was not fetched in this pass."
  },
  {
   "state": "NV",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Nevada's STELLAR Pathway to AI Teaching and Learning: Ethics, Principles, and Guidance",
   "citation": "NDE STELLAR Pathway to AI Teaching and Learning (2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-04-21",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "NDE guidance built on the STELLAR principles (Security, Transparency, Empowerment, Learning, Leadership, Achievement, Responsible), offering PreK-12 strategies for responsible AI integration.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "ai_literacy",
    "bias_equity",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://doe.nv.gov/news-media/2025-press-releases/nevada-department-of-education-announces-release-of-ai-ethics-document",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency press release fetched. Advisory: provides actionable strategies for LEAs with no compliance obligation."
  },
  {
   "state": "NY",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No NYSED statewide K-12 AI policy identified",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "No NYSED statewide K-12 AI guidance document and no enacted New York statute governing AI in K-12 schools identified as of July 2026. Multiple bills (A9190, A6972, A7029, S10133) remain proposals.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Negative finding. NYC Public Schools issued district-level AI guidance 2026-03-24 and paused its final playbook in June 2026 after ~6,500 comments, but that is a DISTRICT policy, not state policy. NY's RAISE Act (signed 2025-12-19) governs frontier model developers, not schools."
  },
  {
   "state": "OH",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "AI Model Policy for Ohio Districts and Schools",
   "citation": "Ohio DEW AI Model Policy (per ORC 3301.24)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-12",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Ohio DEW model AI policy districts may adopt verbatim to satisfy ORC 3301.24, covering defined student and staff uses of AI, privacy and PII standards, ethical AI design and operation, teacher considerations, and processes for evaluating vendor agreements and third-party tools.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "procurement",
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "academic_integrity",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://education.ohio.gov/Topics/AI-in-Ohio-s-Education/Model-Policy",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency page fetched. The model policy is optional but is the default compliance path for a binding mandate, and is the only state model policy in this registry that explicitly includes vendor-agreement and third-party-tool evaluation processes."
  },
  {
   "state": "OH",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Artificial intelligence policy (Ohio Revised Code 3301.24)",
   "citation": "ORC 3301.24, enacted by HB 96 (136th General Assembly)",
   "status": "effective",
   "issued_date": "2025-09-30",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Requires the Ohio Department of Education and Workforce to develop a model AI policy by December 31, 2025, and requires every city, exempted village and local school district, community (charter) school and STEM school to adopt an AI policy by July 1, 2026.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "ai_literacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-3301.24",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Statute text fetched from codes.ohio.gov. Enacted through the FY26-27 operating budget (HB 96), effective 2025-09-30. Mandates that a policy exist; does not prescribe content or require AI instruction or use."
  },
  {
   "state": "OK",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Guidance and Considerations for Using Artificial Intelligence in Oklahoma K-12 Schools (v2.0) and Model AI Use Policy",
   "citation": "OSDE AI Guidance v2.0; OSDE Model AI Use Policy",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "OSDE guidance for school leaders, educators and technology teams on responsible and equitable AI use, plus a district-adaptable model AI use policy with templates and rubrics aligned to FERPA, COPPA and state cybersecurity standards.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "ai_literacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://oklahoma.gov/education/services/standards-learning/artificial-intelligence--ai--and-digital-learning1.html",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency page fetched confirming both documents exist. No publication date is shown for v2.0 and the guidance is under revision to align with SB 1734, so issued_date is deliberately null."
  },
  {
   "state": "OK",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Oklahoma Responsible Technology in Schools Act",
   "citation": "SB 1734 (2026)",
   "status": "enacted",
   "issued_date": "2026-05-12",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Requires OSDE to develop AI and emerging-technology guidance and requires district boards to adopt conforming AI policies; mandates human-in-the-loop review of AI outputs used in instruction, feedback, assessment or decision-making; bars AI as the primary basis for grading, discipline, placement, promotion or retention; requires parent notification with opt-out and annual disclosure of AI tools and student data collected.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "procurement",
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB1734&Session=2600",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Legislature bill page fetched; approved by the Governor 2026-05-12 with an emergency clause making it effective on approval. Senate 42-0, House 89-0. The district conformance deadline (before SY2027-28) came from secondary coverage, so treat that DATE as unverified."
  },
  {
   "state": "OR",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in K-12 Classrooms",
   "citation": "Oregon ODE Generative AI in K-12 Classrooms, v3.0 (web edition)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2023",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "ODE guidance (first issued 2023, now a continuously updated web edition) covering guiding principles, educator AI competencies, information and AI literacy, cognitive offloading risks, equity, student privacy under FERPA/COPPA/OSIPA, academic integrity, and a step-by-step district policy-development process.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "ai_literacy",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educator-resources/teachingcontent/pages/generative-artificial-intelligence-(ai)-for-k-12-schools.aspx",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency page fetched. Explicitly non-binding: ODE states it is not intended to dictate a single pathway. Oregon was among the first states to issue K-12 AI guidance; v3.0 is undated. References ORS 336.184 (student information protection), which is binding but predates AI and is not AI-specific."
  },
  {
   "state": "PA",
   "policy_type": "standards",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Framework for Artificial Intelligence Program Endorsement Guidelines",
   "citation": "PDE Framework for AI Program Endorsement Guidelines (June 2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-06",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "PDE guidelines for a 12-credit AI Program Endorsement added to educator certificates, specifying candidate competencies across foundations of AI, ethical and responsible AI use, AI for teaching and assessment, AI literacy for students, AI leadership, and AI's role in human and societal thriving.",
   "covers": [
    "teacher_pd",
    "ai_literacy",
    "acceptable_use",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/education/documents/educators/certification-preparation-programs/specific-program-guidelines/ai%20endorsement%20framework%20guidelines.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "PDF text extracted and read. IMPORTANT: this is an educator-preparation credential framework, NOT statewide K-12 AI guidance. Pennsylvania has issued no general district-facing AI guidance and has no enacted AI-in-schools statute."
  },
  {
   "state": "RI",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) Guidance for Local Education Agencies",
   "citation": "RIDE AI Guidance for LEAs (2025-08-15)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-08-15",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "RIDE guidance supporting LEAs in developing policies and practices for responsible, effective and equitable AI use, covering instructional guidance, equity and bias, diverse learners, ethical guardrails, and educator professional learning.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "bias_equity",
    "ai_literacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "data_privacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://ride.ri.gov/press-releases/rhode-island-department-education-releases-guidance-responsible-use-artificial-intelligence-schools",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency press release fetched. RIDE states explicitly that the guidance is not formal policy or regulation."
  },
  {
   "state": "SC",
   "policy_type": "standards",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "South Carolina Artificial Intelligence (AI) Standards Framework",
   "citation": "SCDE AI Standards Framework (CTE course standards)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "SCDE standards framework for AI instruction, organized by six process standards and themes covering computing systems, data and analytics, algorithms and programming, impacts of computing, and security and privacy, with four proficiency levels per standard.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "data_privacy",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://ed.sc.gov/instruction/career-and-technical-education/programs-and-courses/cte-course-standards/sc-artificial-intelligence-framework/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "PDF text extracted and read (15 pages). IMPORTANT: this is a CTE course standards framework for teaching ABOUT AI, NOT guidance on schools' own AI use. SCDE has issued no general K-12 AI use guidance. SC bills H.4582 and H.5253 are both PENDING, not enacted."
  },
  {
   "state": "SD",
   "policy_type": "none_identified",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "No South Dakota Department of Education AI policy identified",
   "citation": "none identified",
   "status": null,
   "issued_date": null,
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "No SD DOE AI guidance document and no enacted South Dakota statute on AI in K-12 schools identified. The DOE secretary has publicly described the state's posture as fairly hands off.",
   "covers": [],
   "source_url": null,
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "AGGREGATOR TRAP: the circulating South Dakota model AI policy is from the Associated School Boards of South Dakota, a non-governmental association, not the state agency."
  },
  {
   "state": "TN",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Adoption and implementation of artificial intelligence policies",
   "citation": "SB 1711 / HB 1630, Public Chapter 550 (2024)",
   "status": "enacted",
   "issued_date": "2024-03-19",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Requires every local board of education and public charter school governing body to adopt a policy on the use of AI technology by students, teachers, faculty and staff for instructional and assignment purposes, implemented for the 2024-25 school year, published on the LEA website, with annual compliance reporting to the Department of Education.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "academic_integrity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB1711&GA=113",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Legislature bill page fetched: Public Chapter 550, signed 2024-03-19. Tennessee is the EARLIEST state in the country to mandate district AI policies. The bill text PDF would not parse, so operative language comes from the legislature's own summary page."
  },
  {
   "state": "TN",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Teen Social Media and Internet Safety Act",
   "citation": "HB 825, Public Chapter 195 (2025)",
   "status": "enacted",
   "issued_date": "2025-04-28",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Directs the Tennessee Department of Education to develop social media and internet safety guidance for grades 6-12 that must include instruction on evaluating information generated by artificial intelligence and understanding potential AI misinformation.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=HB0825&GA=114",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Legislature bill page fetched: Public Chapter 195, signed 2025-04-28. Only partly an AI measure. CORRECTION TO A COMMON AGGREGATOR CLAIM: the separate TN AI-instruction bill SB 514 / HB 531 (2025) DID NOT PASS."
  },
  {
   "state": "TX",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA)",
   "citation": "HB 149 (89R, 2025)",
   "status": "effective",
   "issued_date": "2026-01-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Establishes duties and prohibitions for AI systems developed or deployed by governmental entities, defined to include administrative units of political subdivisions, which captures school districts, while expressly excluding institutions of higher education. Contains no K-12-specific provisions.",
   "covers": [
    "procurement",
    "data_privacy",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/html/HB00149F.htm",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Enrolled bill text fetched. INCLUDE WITH CARE: a general government-AI statute that happens to reach districts, NOT an AI-in-education law. Texas has no K-12-specific AI statute and TEA has issued no statewide AI guidance. CORRECTIONS: HB 2400 (would have banned AI for classroom instruction) died in committee; HB 1481 is the personal-communication-device ban, NOT an AI law, a frequent misattribution."
  },
  {
   "state": "UT",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Artificial Intelligence Framework for Utah P-12 Education",
   "citation": "USBE AI Framework (V2)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-05",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "USBE framework organized into Guiding Principles for AI Use, Responsible Use of AI Tools, and Prohibited Use of AI Tools, covering generative AI benefits, risks of inaccurate output, and safeguards for students and educators.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "ai_literacy",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://schools.utah.gov/informationtechnology/artificialintelligence/index",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency page fetched; USBE describes it as a living document and guidance only. Predates and is distinct from the HB 273 model AI use policy USBE must publish before 2026-12-01."
  },
  {
   "state": "UT",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Classroom Technology Amendments - Model artificial intelligence use policy",
   "citation": "HB 273 (2026), Laws of Utah 2026 ch. 120; Utah Code 53G-7-1401 to 1403",
   "status": "effective",
   "issued_date": "2026-07-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Requires the Utah State Board of Education to publish and maintain a model AI use policy and requires every LEA to produce, adopt, submit, train on, enforce and biennially review a conforming policy. The model policy must prohibit educators from using generative AI to independently grade student work or issue high-stakes determinations, require LEA approval of any student-facing AI tool, require written parent notification with a link to the LEA metadata dictionary when generative AI is used for instruction or assessment, and prohibit biometric surveillance and psychological profiling.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "procurement",
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "ai_literacy",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53G/Chapter7/C53G-7-S1402_2026050620260701.html",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Verified two ways: enrolled bill PDF text extracted, and the codified section fetched showing 'Enacted by Chapter 120, 2026 General Session'. USBE must post the model policy before 2026-12-01, and it becomes the DEFAULT for any LEA that fails to adopt one. The strongest LEA-level AI mandate in this registry."
  },
  {
   "state": "UT",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Digital Skills Amendments",
   "citation": "HB 218 (2026); Utah Code 53E-4-208",
   "status": "enacted",
   "issued_date": "2026",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Rewrites the required grades 7-8 digital course to specify digital skills concepts that must include artificial intelligence literacy (AI capabilities, limitations, ethical considerations and societal implications) alongside digital privacy, cybersecurity, misinformation evaluation and digital footprint awareness.",
   "covers": [
    "ai_literacy",
    "data_privacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2026/bills/enrolled/HB0218.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "needs_review",
   "notes": "Enrolled bill PDF text extracted and read, but the session-law chapter number and exact effective date could not be confirmed from the code index."
  },
  {
   "state": "UT",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Software in Education Amendments (Software in public schools study)",
   "citation": "SB 267 (2026), Laws of Utah 2026 ch. 161; Utah Code 53E-3-527",
   "status": "effective",
   "issued_date": "2026-07-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Requires the Utah State Board of Education to STUDY the use of software and digital services in public schools, including the academic effectiveness of educational software (whether it supports active learning, skill development and measurable academic progress), addictive design features, student data practices, and best practices for evaluating educational value, and to publish guidance to every LEA before July 1, 2027.",
   "covers": [
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "data_privacy",
    "procurement",
    "acceptable_use"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53E/Chapter3/C53E-3-S527_2026050620260701.html",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "CONFIRMS THE PRIOR PILLAR FINDING: SB 267 as enacted is STUDY-AND-GUIDANCE ONLY, NOT a mandate. Secondary coverage describing it as PROHIBITING emotion/attention-analyzing AI and restricting model training on student data describes the ORIGINAL introduced version, which was stripped; those prohibitions are NOT in the enacted text. Verified against the enrolled PDF and codified section."
  },
  {
   "state": "VA",
   "policy_type": "statute",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Guidance and policies on the use of artificial intelligence systems in public elementary and secondary schools",
   "citation": "HB 1186 / SB 394 (2026), Acts of Assembly 2026 cc. 937, 943; Va. Code 22.1-20.2:1",
   "status": "effective",
   "issued_date": "2026-07-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Requires the Virginia Department of Education to establish guidance on safe AI use in schools addressing student data privacy under FERPA and COPPA, teacher training, AI system transparency, data privacy agreements PROHIBITING external model training on student data, bias prevention and equitable access, and alignment with the Standards of Learning; requires every local school board to implement conforming policies; creates the AIS Innovation in Education Pilot Program (expires 2030-07-01).",
   "covers": [
    "data_privacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity",
    "acceptable_use",
    "procurement",
    "efficacy_or_vendor_review",
    "ai_literacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodeupdates/title22.1/section22.1-20.2:1/",
   "source_type": "primary_legislature",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Codified section fetched confirming 2026 cc. 937 and 943. Both bills passed the House 95-0. The requirement that data privacy agreements PROHIBIT external model training on student data is a concrete vendor-contract constraint. The $2M pilot figure comes from secondary coverage, not the Code."
  },
  {
   "state": "VA",
   "policy_type": "executive_order",
   "is_binding": true,
   "title": "Guidelines for AI Integration Throughout Education in the Commonwealth of Virginia",
   "citation": "Executive Order 30 (2024) AI Education Guidelines",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Guidelines issued under Executive Order 30 covering K-12, community colleges and universities, structured as Guiding Principles, Strategies for Success, and Roles and Responsibilities. The do-no-harm principle requires AI integration to comply with EO policy and IT standards including privacy and security safeguards, and states AI should never fully replace teachers.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "ai_literacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://www.education.virginia.gov/media/governorvirginiagov/secretary-of-education/pdf/AI-Education-Guidelines.pdf",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "PDF text extracted and read (5 pages). Binding on executive-branch agencies via the EO; for local school divisions it operates as guidance. The document carries no printed date; 2024-01 is inferred from EO 30's signing and is the weakest element of this record."
  },
  {
   "state": "VT",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Artificial Intelligence Guidance for Education",
   "citation": "Vermont Agency of Education AI Guidance (2026-01-27)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2026-01-27",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Vermont's first statewide AI guidance, providing a framework for local decision-making that emphasizes human agency, educator judgment and student well-being, with grade-level suggestions, guardrails against over-reliance, and attention to academic integrity and cognitive and social development.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "academic_integrity",
    "ai_literacy",
    "bias_equity",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://education.vermont.gov/press-release/vermont-agency-education-releases-new-guidance-support-use-artificial-intelligence",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency press release retrieved (the AOE site 403s on standard fetch; pulled with a browser user-agent). Supports local decision-making rather than mandating. Vermont has no AI-in-schools statute."
  },
  {
   "state": "WA",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Human-Centered AI Guidance for K-12 Public Schools",
   "citation": "OSPI Human-Centered AI Guidance, Version 3.0",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-01",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "OSPI guidance built on a Human-AI-Human philosophy, organized into Foundations, Classroom Implementation and Ethical Considerations, with policy suggestions, definitions, guiding principles and FAQs. Washington was the fifth state to release AI guidance.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "ai_literacy",
    "data_privacy",
    "academic_integrity",
    "bias_equity",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://ospi.k12.wa.us/student-success/resources-subject-area/human-centered-artificial-intelligence-schools",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency page fetched. Advisory, not binding. CORRECTIONS: SB 5956 (AI, student discipline and surveillance in schools) DID NOT PASS, despite clearing the Senate 35-13. HB 2225 (companion chatbots) is a consumer AI law, not a schools law."
  },
  {
   "state": "WI",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "AI Guidance for Enhancing K-12 and Library Education",
   "citation": "Wisconsin DPI AI Guidance (2024-07-29)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-07-29",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "Wisconsin DPI guidance covering core AI concepts and goals, school-family-administration communication, ethics and data policy, security and technology infrastructure, professional development, curriculum development and evaluation, and continuous improvement; supplemented by an AI Guidance Hub, AI Literacy Framework and Readiness Self-Assessment.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "ai_literacy",
    "data_privacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "bias_equity"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://dpi.wi.gov/news/dpi-connected/dpi-releases-ai-guidance-schools-and-libraries",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency news page fetched. Non-binding: policy considerations and best practices. The PDF filename carries an earlier date (2024-06-05) than the announcement."
  },
  {
   "state": "WV",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Guidance, Considerations, and Intentions for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in West Virginia Schools",
   "citation": "WVDE AI Guidance, Version 1.2 (March 2025)",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2025-03",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "WVDE checklist-style guidance supporting AI use across roles in PK-12 schools, covering safe integration of generative AI in classroom instruction, school administration and district operations, aligned to existing WV Board of Education policies.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "data_privacy",
    "ai_literacy",
    "teacher_pd"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://wvde.us/educator-staff-development/artificial-intelligence",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Agency page fetched. WVDE deliberately chose checklist guidance over mandates to allow quick revision; first issued January 2024, revised twice. WV's AI Task Force (HB 5690, 2024) was charged with recommending model school AI policies, report due 2025-07-01."
  },
  {
   "state": "WY",
   "policy_type": "doe_guidance",
   "is_binding": false,
   "title": "Guidance for Wyoming School Districts on Developing Artificial Intelligence Use Policy",
   "citation": "WDE Superintendent's Memo, 2024-07-15",
   "status": "issued",
   "issued_date": "2024-07-15",
   "effective_date": null,
   "summary": "WDE guidance helping districts develop AI use policies for students, staff and school communities covering classroom instruction, school management and systemwide operations, with guiding principles on ethical use, AI literacy and preserving human decision-making, and a four-level AI usage continuum tied to academic integrity.",
   "covers": [
    "acceptable_use",
    "academic_integrity",
    "ai_literacy",
    "teacher_pd",
    "data_privacy"
   ],
   "source_url": "https://edu.wyoming.gov/sups-memo/07-15-2024-wde-releases-guidance-for-developing-artificial-intelligence-use-policy/",
   "source_type": "primary_agency",
   "confidence": "verified",
   "notes": "Superintendent's memo fetched. Advisory: assists districts in navigating policy development and imposes no deadline."
  }
 ]
}